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| 1/21 n quad n-channel mosfet drive n integrated charge pump for high side mosfet driving n very low ground emi noise n motor speed and direction con- trol (low side pwm) n internal or external pwm source n 25khz switching frequency ability n synchronous high side rectifica- tion n reversed battery active protec- tion ability n integrated 5v power supply for microcontroller n integrated security circuits: uvlo, ovlo, watchdog n 60v max rating description the TD340 integrated circuit allows n-channel power mosfets driving in a full h-bridge configuration and is best suited for dc motor control applications. the four drivers outputs are designed to allow 25khz mosfet switching. the speed and direction of the motor are to be set by two pins. voltage across the motor is controlled by low side pulse width modulation (pwm). this pwm feature can be made internally when the input pin is connected to an analog signal, or it can be given directly from a digital source. an internal charge pump allows proper upper mos driving for full static operation (100% pwm). TD340 achieves very low emi noise thanks to its balanced charge pump structure and its drivers moderate slew rate. to avoid excessive heating due to free wheeling, appropriate synchronous rectification is achieved on the corresponding high side mosfet. moreover, TD340 integrates a 5v voltage regulator suitable as a power supply output for the microcontroller, a reset circuit and a watchdog circuit. security functions disable the TD340 (mos off) when abnormal conditions occur like overvoltage, undervoltage or cpu loss of control (watchdog). TD340 withstands transients as met in automotive field without special protection devices thanks to its 60v bcd technology. order code d= small outline package (so) - also available in tape & reel (dt) pin connections (top view) part number temperature range package d TD340id -40 c, +125 c ? d so20 (plastic micropackage) vbatt vout reset cwd wd stby temp in1 in2 cf gnd l1 l2 s2 h2 cb2 s1 h1 cb1 osc 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 TD340 h-bridge quad power mosfet driver for dc motor control this is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. details are subject to change without notice. may 2000 preliminary data
TD340 2/21 system and internal block diagram pin description vbatt vout reset cwd wd stby temp in1 in2 cf gnd l1 l2 s2 h2 cb2 s1 h1 cb1 osc q2h q2l q1h q1l batt - batt + t logic pwm pwm watchdog reset supply uvlo ovlo TD340 m controller 5v 0v m name pin type function vbatt 1 power input power supply gnd 11 ground ground l1 12 push pull output low side drive - gate 1 l2 13 push pull output low side drive - gate 2 h1 18 push pull output high side drive - gate 1 h2 15 push pull output high side drive - gate 2 s1 17 analog input high side drive - source 1 s2 17 analog input high side drive - source 2 cb1 19 analog input high side drive - bootstrap capacitor 1 cb2 16 analog input high side drive - bootstrap capacitor 2 cf 10 analog input external capacitor to set the pwm switching frequency in1 8 analog or digital input analog level of pwm (0 to 100%) if cf connected to a capacitor, or pwm signal if cf connected to ground in2 9 digital input direction to the motor's rotation stby 6 digital input standby mode temp 7 analog output analog indicator of temperature vout 2 power output regulated power supply output for the microcontroller - 5v reset 3 open drain output reset signal for the microcontroller wd 5 digital input watchdog signal from the m icrocontroller cwd 4 analog input external capacitor to set watchdog timeout osc 20 digital output oscillator output TD340 3/21 absolute maximum ratings notes: 1. the duration of the 60v voltage must be limited to 1 second if current is drained from the vout regulator. supply voltage in steady state must be limi ted to ensure that dissipation rating is not exceeded. 2. the magnitude of input and output voltages must never exceed vbatt+0.3v or 60v, whichever is less, except for h1 and h2: vbatt+15v or 60v, whichever is less. operating conditions symbol parameter value unit v batt positive supply voltage - note 1 60 v p d power dissipation 500 mw t stg storage temperature -55 to +150 o c esd electrostatic discharge 2 kv v digital voltage on pins: in1, in2, stby, wd, cwd, cf, temp, vout, reset -0.3 to 7 v v lowgate voltage on pins: l1, l2 -0.3 to 15 v v power voltage on pins: h1, h2, s1, s2, cb1, cb2 - note 2 -0.3 to 60 v v osc voltage on pin osc vbatt-6.5 to vbatt v t j maximum junction temperature 150 c r hja thermal resistance junction-ambient 85 c/w symbol parameter value unit v batt positive supply voltage 6.5 to 18.5 v t oper operating free air temperature range -40 to +125 c TD340 4/21 electrical characteristics vbatt= 12v, tamb=-40 c to 125 c (unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter test condition min. typ. max. unit i cc total supply current t min. TD340 5/21 electrical characteristics (continued) vbatt= 12v, tamb=-40 c to 125 c (unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter test conditio n min. typ. max. unit voltage regulator - co=220nf - note 2 v out output voltage io=20ma t=25 c 40 c < t < 125 c 4.6 4.5 5 5 5.4 5.5 v v line reg line regulation 6v < vbatt < 16v, io=20ma t=25 c 40 c < t < 125 c 100 150 mv mv load reg load regulation 0 io 40ma t=25 c 40 c < t < 125 c 20 40 mv mv i o maximum output current vbatt = 12v 6v < vbatt < 16v 40 20 ma ma i os output current short circuit vout=0 100 200 ma reset supervisory circuit - note 3 vt hi threshold voltage vout increasing t=25 c 40 c < t < 125 c 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.6 v v v thd threshold voltage vout decreasing t=25 c 40 c < t < 125 c 3.9 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.5 v v k i linearity coefficient (vthi = ki vout) 0.86 k d linearity coefficient (vthd = kd vout) 0.84 v hys hysteresis threshold voltage 50 100 200 mv t phl response time high to low 5 m s watchdog circuit t wd watchdog time out period no ext. capacitor cwd = 47nf - note 4 0.5 0.7 1 1 2 1.5 ms s t ipw watchdog input pulse width for proper retrigger 0.1 m s t ipr watchdog input rise time for proper retrigger 0.1 m s t reset reset pulse width 10 20 40 m s temperature output v t output voltage t= 25 o c 2.58 2.68 2.78 v d v t output temperature drift -7 -7.5 -7.8 mv/ o c notes : 1. for proper operation, a 5.6k resistor needs to be connected between osc and gnd. 2. 220nf is the optimized value for the voltage regulator 3. the reset thresholds (vout increasing and decreasing) are proportional to vout, (coefficients ki and kd). ki and kd vary in the same direc- tion with temperature. 4. watchdog capacitor cwd should be placed as close as possible to cwd pin. TD340 6/21 internal electrical schematic and application environment gnd l1 l2 s2 h2 cb2 s1 h1 cb1 osc q2h q2l q1h q1l batt - batt + m osc - + filter vbatt vout reset cwd wd stby temp in1 in2 cf - + 3.6v 1.2v t watchdog reset 5v regulator uvlo / ovlo stby TD340 m controller 5v 0v a - + TD340 7/21 functional description speed and direction control: the TD340 ic provides the necessary interface between an h-bridge dc-motor control configuration and a micro controller. the speed and direction are given by two input signals coming from the microprocessor. speed control: speed control is achieved by pulse width modulation (pwm). the TD340 provides an internal pwm generator, but can accept an external pwm waveform. in1 can accept two different types of inputs: - an analog input between 0 and 5v (cf must be connected to set the pwm frequency) gives an analog value of the internal pwm duty cycle - a digital input (cf must be grounded) gives directly the pwm figure 1 represents the duty cycle curve versus the in1 analog voltage. figure 2 shows how to use the TD340 with an analog input or a digital input. the speed control (or duty cycle) is achieved by the low side drivers which impose the pwm function while the cross-corresponding high side mosfets is kept fully on. direction control: in2 accepts a digital value of the rotation direction. brake mode: brake mode is achieved by a zero level on the in1 input. the in2 input selects low side or high side braking. brake mode is activated when the in1 is at zero volt level for more than 200 us. figure 1 : duty cycle versus in1 voltage 100% voltage duty cycle 1.2v 3.6v in1 0% TD340 8/21 figure 2 : pwm analog and digital modes active (synchronous) rectification for free-wheel current a motor is an inductive load. when driven in pwm mode, motor current is switched on and off at the 25khz frequency. when the mos is switched off, current can not instantaneously drop to zero, a so-called ofree-wheelo current arises in the same direction than the power current. a path for this current must be provided, otherwise high voltage could arise and destroy the component. the classical way to handle this situation is to connect a diode in an anti-parallel configuration regarding to the mos, so that current can continue to flow through this diode, and finally vanishes by the means of ohmic dissipation, mainly in the diode due to its 0.8v direct voltage. for high currents, dissipation can be an important issue (eg: 10a x 0.8v makes 8 w!). furthermore, high speed diodes have to be used, and are expensive. a more efficient way to handle this problem is to use the high side mos as a synchronous rectifier. in this mode, the upper mos is switched on when the lower one is switched off, and carries the free-wheel current with much lower ohmic dissipation. advantages are : one expensive component less (the fast power diode), and more reliability due to the lower dissipation level. however, we have to take care not to drive the two mos simultaneously. to avoid transient problems when the mos are switched, a deadtime is inserted between the opening of one mos, and the closing of the other one. in the TD340 device, the deadtime is fixed to about 2.5 microseconds. this value is the time between the commands of the gate drivers, not the deadtime between the actual mos states because of the rising and falling times of the gate voltages (due to capacitance), and the mos characteristics. the actual value of the deadtime for a typical configuration is about 1.5 microseconds. figure 3 shows the synchronous rectification principle table 1 summarizes the status of the mosfets (and the speed and direction of the motor) according to the inputs (in1 and in2) status in analog and logic modes. m m p TD340 in1 cf pwm pwm 0v 5v m m p TD340 in1 pwm pwm 0v 5v analog input + cf (270pf) digital input + cf grounded pwm output pwm output cf vbatt vbatt TD340 9/21 figure 3 : synchronous rectification principle table 1 : function table in digital and analog modes notes: - standby state is active when stby pin is pulled low - disable state is active when one of the following conditions is met: uvlo, ovlo, reset, watchdog timeout. stby state disable state in1 (v) in2 (v) mosfets status comments digital analog q1l q1h q2l q2h 1 x x x x off off off off motor off in standby mode x 1 x x x off off off off motor off in disable mode 0 0 0 idle 0 to 1.2 0 on off on off motor brake low 0 0 0 idle 0 to 1.2 5 off on off on motor brake high 0 0 pwm 1.2 to 3.6 0 off on pwm !pwm motor x% forward 0 0 pwm 1.2 to 3.6 5 pwm !pwm off on motor x% backward 0 0 5 idle 3.6 to 5 0 off on on off motor 100% forward 0 0 5 idle 3.6 to 5 5 on off off on motor 100% backward ex1: speed: pwm=x% no synchronous rectification high dissipation through free wheel diode! m pwm full full x% 1-x% full on off off ex2: speed: pwm=x% with synchronous rectification - TD340 low dissipation through low rdson! m pwm full full x% 1-x% pwm on off TD340 10/21 mos drivers output drivers are designed to drive mos with gate capacitance of up to 4 nf. a small resistor in serial with gate input is recommended to prevent spurious oscillations due to parasitic inductance in conjunction with gate capacitance. typical value of these resistors are from 10 to 100 ohms, depending on the mos characteristics. charge pump to drive the high side mos, the TD340 has to provide a voltage of about 10v higher that the power supply voltage. the TD340 provides an internal charge pump which acts as a voltage tripling generator clamped to 12v and allows the output of correct gate voltage with power voltage level as low as 6.5v. its double balanced structure ensures low emi ground noise. the internal charge pump is used to achieve correct voltage level at startup or static states. an 5.6k resistor needs to be connected between osc and gnd for proper operation. bootstrap capacitors to achieve dynamic driving up to 25khz, it is necessary to support the internal charge pump with bootstrap capacitors. bootstrap capacitors are charged from vbat when the lower mos is on. when the lower mos is switched off and the upper one is switched on, the bootstrap capacitor provides the necessary current to the driver in order to charge the gate capacitor to the right voltage level. a design rule to select the bootstrap capacitor value is to choose ten times the gate capacitance. for example, mos with 4 nf gate capacitance will require bootstrap capacitors of about 47nf. mos gate discharge the high side mos are switched off with internal gate to source discharge (not gate to ground discharge) to prevent the gates from negative transient voltages. figure 4 : typical waveforms on low and high side mos gates. upper trace : high side mos gate lower trace : low side mos gate TD340 11/21 reversed battery active protection in full h-bridge configuration, there is a risk in case of power voltage reversal due to the intrinsic diodes inside the mos. a passive protection solution is to wire a diode between the h-bridge and the power supply. disadvantages are voltage drop and power dissipation. the TD340 provides support for reversed battery active protection. an oscillator osc output is available to allow proper command of a 5th mos connected upside down. the mos must have low threshold voltage because the oscillator output swing is about 6.5v. in normal conditions, the mos intrinsic diode supplies power to the driver at startup. when the TD340 is started, the osc output enables the mos to switch on, providing lower voltage drop and lower power dissipation. in case of reversed battery, the 5th mos remains off, and no dangerous voltages can reach the driver nor the power mos. the osc oscillator can only supply a few ma. it must be loaded with a large impedance, typically 100pf and 680k. figure 5 : reversed battery active protection principle uvlo and ovlo protections the TD340 includes protections again overvoltage and undervoltage conditions. overvoltage is dangerous for the mos and for the load due to possible excessive currents and power dissipation. undervoltage is dangerous because mos driving is no more reliable. mos could be in linear mode with high ohmic dissipation. TD340 under voltage lockout and over voltage lockout features protect the system from no operational power voltage. uvlo and ovlo thresholds are 6.2v and 20v. hysteresis provides reliable behavior near the thresholds. during uvlo and ovlo, mos are switched off (TD340 in disable state). m TD340 vbatt 1 2 3 4 2 3 vbatt gnd reversed battery 5 mosfet 5 remains off all mosfets and driver are protected driver is not supplied osc m TD340 vbatt osc 1 2 3 4 2 3 vbatt gnd ~vbatt normal conditions vbatt+6v TD340 12/21 microcontroller support for easy system integration, the TD340 provides the following functions: - 5v regulator, - reset circuit, - watchdog circuit, - standby mode, - temperature indicator. 5v regulator the TD340 provides a 5v regulated voltage at vout pin with a maximum current of 20ma over the whole vbatt range (6.5 to 16v). current can be up to 40 ma with nominal 12v vbatt. it is mandatory to connect a 220nf capacitor to the 5v output, even if the 5v output is not used, because the 5v is internally used by the device. 220nf is the optimized value for the voltage regulator. reset circuit the integrated supervisor circuit resets the micro controller as soon as the voltage of the micro controller decreases below 4.2v, and until the voltage of the micro controller has not passed above 4.3v. reset output is active low. it features an open drain with a internal 75k pull up resistor to internal 5v which allows hardwired or configuration. figure 6 : reset waveforms vthi vthd vccmin vreset vout t t tphl zoom 1v TD340 13/21 watchdog circuit an integrated watchdog circuit resets the microcontroller when a periodic signal coming from the microcontroller is missing after an externally adjustable time out delay. watchdog timeout is adjustable by means of a capacitor cwd between cwd pin and gnd. this capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the cwd pin. watchdog function can be inhibited by tying the cwd pin to ground. timeout range is from about 1ms to 1s, approximate value is given by: twd = 1 + (20 x cwd) (twd in ms, and cwd in nf). when the watchdog timeout triggers, the reset output is pulsed once low for 20 microseconds, and the driver outputs are set to ground (mos switched off). TD340 stays in disable state (mos off) until pulses appear again on wd pin. figure 7 : watchdog waveforms temperature output the TD340 provides a temperature indicator with the temp output. temp voltage is 2.68v at 25 c with a temperature coefficient of -7.5mv/ c. the goal of this function is to provide a rough temperature indication to the up. it allows the system designer to adapt the behavior of the application to the ambient temperature. the temp output must be connected to a high impedance input. maximum available current is 1ua. t t wd reset tipw tw d treset h1,h2,l1,l2 t TD340 14/21 standby mode the TD340 can be put in standby mode under software control. when the stby pin is driven low, the mos drivers are switched off and internal charge pump oscillator is stopped. the 5v regulator, the watchdog and reset circuits are still active. there is no pull up/down resistor on the stby pin. stby must not be left open. power consumption (not including the current drained from the 5v regulator) is reduced to about 200ua. to achieve this standby current, the 5.6k resistor on the osc pin has to be disconnected with an external low power mos controlled by the stby signal (see figure 10 for an application example) standby mode should be only activated when in1=in2=0v and after that the motor is actually stopped because the four mos are switched off. on exit from the standby mode, a delay of up to 20ms (depending upon the bootstrap capacitor value) must be given before applying signals to the in1 and in2 inputs to allow proper startup of the charge pump (it is also true for power-up). figure 8 shows the voltage across the cb bootstrap capacitor at powerup or at standby exit as a function of time. figure 8 : charge pump voltage at startup fig. 8a : cb = 10nf fig. 8c : cb = 100nf fig. 8b : cb = 47nf TD340 15/21 performance curves 5v regulator voltage vs output current charge pump voltage vs current high side mos static vgs vs vbatt 5v regulator voltage vs vbatt charge pump voltage vs vbatt high side mos static vgs vs temperature 0 102030405060 iout (ma) 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 vout (v) cout=220nf vbatt=6v vbatt=8v vbatt=12v vbat t=16v 0 20406080100120 icb ( m a) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 vcb (v) vbatt=24v vbatt=16v vbatt=12v vbatt=6.5v cb=10nf 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 vbat t (v) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 vgs (v) 0 5 10 15 20 25 vbatt (v) 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5. 1 vout (v) il oad=20ma cout=220nf 5 10152025 vbatt (v) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 vcb (v) icb=0 icb=60ua cb=10nf -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 vgs (v) vbatt=12v TD340 16/21 performance curves (continued ) vbatt= 12v, unless otherwise specified supply current reset threshold (decreasing) under voltage lockout standby current reset threshold (increasing) over voltage lockout -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 icc (ma) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 vthd (v) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 uvlo (v) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 100 150 200 250 300 350 istby ( m a) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 vthi (v) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 18 19 20 21 22 ovlo (v) TD340 17/21 performance curves (continued) vbatt= 12v, unless otherwise specified osc output frequency high side driver output current (source) high side driver output current (sink) deadtime between high and low drivers low side driver output current (source) low side driver output current (sink) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 fosc (mhz) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 20 40 60 80 100 iouth_src (ma) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 60 80 100 120 140 iouth_sink (ma) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 td ( m s) no load -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 20 40 60 80 100 ioutl_src (ma) -50 0 50 100 150 t( c) 60 80 100 120 140 ioutl_sink (ma) TD340 18/21 application circuit diagrams the following schematics show typical application circuits. the first one is a simple, standalone system, while the other one is m c driven and includes advanced features like standby mode and reversed battery active protection. simple standalone system figure 9 shows a basic use of the TD340. the speed is controlled with a simple adjustable resistor. direction is controlled with a switch. internal pwm generator is used, frequency is set by the capacitor c3. note that the c2 capacitor (220nf) is included because it is needed by the internal TD340 circuit. interface lines for microcontroller are not used: standby is tied to 5v (vout), wd and cwd are tied to ground, reset and temperature outputs are left unconnected. reversed battery protection is provided by the means of the diode d2. transistors q1h, q1l, q2h, q2l are to be chosen depending on the motor characteristics. for example, stp30ne03l are 30v, 30a devices with gate capacitance of about 1nf. for these mos, 22nf bootstrap capacitors are adequate. resistors r1 to r4 are used to control the rise and fall times on the mos gates, and are also useful to avoid oscillation of the gate voltage due to the parasitic inductance of lines in conjunction with the gate capacitance. typical values for resistors r1 to r4 are from 10 to 100 ohms. capacitor c6 is used to store energy and to filter the voltage across the bridge. applications: small domestic motorized equipments, battery-powered electrical tools, ... complete, m c driven system the next schematic (figure 10) shows a complete system driven by a m c. the auto-reload timer feature of st6 m c family is used to easily generate the pwm command signal (TD340 internal generator is not used, cf pin is connected to ground). transil diode d3 can be added as a security to avoid overvoltage transients if the mos are all driven off when the motor is running. for example, it can happen if TD340 is put in standby or disable state while motor is running. applications: - automotive: advanced window lift systems, wiper systems, ... - industrial: battery-powered motor systems, electric door opening, ... TD340 19/21 figure 9: simple standalone system q2h mosfet n q2l mosfet n q1h mosfet n q1l mosfet n + c6 470uf +12v gnd load vbat vout reset cwd wd stby temp in1 in2 cf gnd l1 l2 s2 h2 cb2 s1 h1 cb1 osc r5 5.6k c2 220nf c3 270pf c4 22nf c5 22nf 1 2 4 3 5 6 12 11 13 7 9 10 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 s1 p1 10k TD340 q1l, q1h, q2l, q2h: stp30ne03l + c1 10uf d1 u1 r1 22 r2 22 r3 22 r4 22 . TD340 20/21 figure 10: complete, m c driven system q2h mosfet n q2l mosfet n q1h mosfet n q1l mosfet n + c6 470uf +vbatt gnd motor vbat vout reset cwd wd stby temp in1 in2 cf gnd l1 l2 s2 h2 cb2 s1 h1 cb1 osc r5 5.6k c2 220nf c4 47nf c5 47nf 1 2 4 3 5 6 12 11 13 7 9 10 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 d3 TD340 q1l, q1h, q2l, q2h: stp60ne06 + c1 10uf u1 q3 mosfet n c9 100pf d2 1n4148 d1 1n4148 r6 680k pb0 vpp/test pb2 pb3 pb6 pb7 vdd vss pa4 oscin oscout reset nmi pc3 pc2 1 2 4 3 5 6 12 11 13 7 9 10 8 14 15 16 st6252 u2 pa5 c3 100pf sw1 sw2 open close c8 c7 xt1 xt1, c7, c8: see st6252 datasheet q3: stp60ne06l q4 bs170 optionnal r3 100 r2 100 r4 100 r1 100 optionnal optionnal TD340 information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, stmicroelectronics assumes no responsibil ity for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infring ement of patents or other righ ts of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of stmicroelectronics. specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change witho ut notice. this publ ication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. stmicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life suppo rt devices or systems withou t express written approval of stmicroelectronics. ? the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics ? 2000 stmicroelectronics - printed in italy - all rights reserved stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - brazil - china - finland - france - germany - hong kong - india - italy - japan - malaysia - malta - morocco singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - united kingdom ? http://www. st.com 21/21 package mechanical data 20 pins - plastic micropackage (so) dim. millimeters inches min. typ. max. min. typ. max. a1 0.254 0.010 b 1.39 1.65 0.055 0.065 b 0.45 0.018 b1 0.25 0.010 d 25.4 1.000 e 8.5 0.335 e 2.54 0.100 e3 22.86 0.900 f 7.1 0.280 i 3.93 0.155 l 3.3 0.130 z 1.34 0.053 |
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